Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR) Seven pages DCT – SOCIETY GENDER + SOCIETY Key terms: Feminism Gender biology Gender identification Gender expression Socialisation Patriarchal society Gender dysphoria Misogyny EFFECTS OF CHANGING VIEWS ON GENDER + GENDER ROLES IN CHRISTIANITY Roles of men + women in family and society: Hermeneutics Genesis 1 Both genders reflect nature of God Genesis 2: “no suitable helper” Implied inferiority ‘Helper’ depends on translation Genesis 3: Eve tempted by serpent Women weaker will than men Men shouldn’t let women take lead in decision-making Ephesians 5: “Wives, submit yourselves" Husbands must love their wives like their own bodies Paul Cultural norms of 1st century Rome Patriarchal society Comparisons to Church + Christ’s relationship 1 Peter 3: ‘weaker sex’ 1 Timothy 2: women must learn in silence + never assume authority over man ‘Head’ in Greek also translates to source of life ‘MULIERIS DIGNITATEM’ JOHN PAUL II Response to rise of feminism Virgin Mary recognised as theotokos Gender roles Mariage is mutual relationship of equals Genesis 2 Women shouldn’t take on male roles “Feminine originality” Motherhood + parenthood “The woman’s part” Cultural shift in attitudes to women Rejects feminist criticisms (eg de Beauvir + Frieden) motherhood demeaning to women MARY THE MODEL OF MOTHERHOOD Special value God place on motherhood MYSTERY OF GENERATION Mystery inherent in Trinity ‘sincere gift of self’ Man +woman ‘one flesh’ MUTUALITY “Special debt to the woman” ACTIVE MOTHERHOOD Different types of family: "Intact families Blended family relationships CATECHISM OF CATHOLIC CHURCH: “does not tolerate ‘trial marriages’” Christian responses to contemporary secular views about roles of men + women in family and society Conservative Protestant Christian responses Biblical theology is timeless Gender roles: Purely biological, not product of culture Foucault KATY RUDY Gender roles illustrate power the ‘Right’ in American politics + society Mistrust of socially liberal ideologies Feminism cause of family breakdowns Men + women created equal but different Complementarianism Motherhood + parenthood: Woman’s role ‘domestic haven’ Christian home place of refuge, love, peace Eve = ‘mother of all living’ Paul: husband must provide for family Different types of family: Critical of feminism, cohabitation + same-sex relationships Feminism has led to eroticisation Foucault Couples expect too much from relationships Christianity values permanency Relationships too private + egocentric Christian family should look outwards Same-sex parents not truly Christian

Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR) Three pages KANTIAN ETHICS Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) • Summum Bonum • 3 Postulates • Goodwill • Categorical Imperative: (MUST) • Hypothetical Imperative: (IF…THEN) • Ought • Reason: • Duty: • 3 Maxims Table comparing STRENGTHS and WEAKNESSES